SR9009 comes up often in conversation and rarely with the context attached. Here we lay out the basics in order, then work through the practical considerations.
Last reviewed on 2026-01-15. Where a claim depends on a specific study, the study is described rather than over-claimed.
Because REV-ERB receptors are core clock components, SR9009 has been examined for effects on daily rhythms as well as metabolism. Research has explored whether the compound can shift or reinforce circadian gene expression in tissues such as liver and muscle. Some studies report improved metabolic markers in obese or diabetic mice, while others show context-dependent responses. Questions remain about which effects are direct, which are secondary to timing, and how they might differ across species.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of REV-ERB nuclear receptors. REV-ERB alpha and REV-ERB beta help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In laboratory research, SR9009 has been used to probe how these receptors affect skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The compound was identified in academic drug-discovery work and is often described in scientific literature by its chemical name and research code. It is not an approved medicine, and human clinical data remain limited or absent.
SR9009 binds REV-ERB receptors and alters their repressive activity on target genes. This action can change transcription of genes involved in lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. In rodent studies, treated animals have shown changes in muscle oxidative capacity and exercise performance, though effects vary by dose, duration, and model. The precise molecular steps connecting receptor binding to whole-body outcomes are still an active area of investigation. Findings in animals do not automatically translate to humans.
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ and alters their repressive activity on target genes. These nuclear receptors help regulate the circadian clock, lipid synthesis, glucose metabolism, and inflammatory pathways. By changing transcription, the compound can shift the timing or magnitude of downstream metabolic processes in model systems. It does not act through androgen receptors or adenosine receptors, which distinguishes it from several substances sold for athletic performance. Whether the same transcriptional changes occur in humans at tolerable exposures remains an open question because controlled human studies are lacking.
Preclinical reports describe effects on exercise endurance, mitochondrial content, and lipid profiles in rodents, but these findings come from specific experimental conditions. Many studies use high doses or delivery methods that may not translate directly to human use. SR9009 has been reported to have low oral bioavailability and a short half-life, which complicates interpretation of oral dosing studies. It is not established as safe or effective for any indication. Literature discussions often separate its pharmacological mechanism from unverified claims made in fitness and supplement markets.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical class | Synthetic REV-ERB agonist | Small-molecule nuclear receptor ligand |
| Appearance | Off-white to pale yellow solid | Typical for research-grade powder |
| Solubility class | Soluble in DMSO; low water solubility | Common stock solutions use organic solvent |
| Typical stock solvent | Dimethyl sulfoxide | Used for laboratory assays |
| Common analytical method | HPLC with UV or mass detection | Used for identity and purity checks |
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In laboratory experiments, SR9009 binds these receptors and alters transcription of genes involved in lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. It is not a naturally occurring compound and has no approved therapeutic use. Research interest stems from its ability to modify energy metabolism in cells and animal models.
In rodent studies, SR9009 has been reported to increase mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle and improve exercise endurance under some conditions. These findings led to popular descriptions such as an exercise mimetic, although that term oversimplifies the biology. Effects vary by dose, timing, tissue, and model. The compound's influence on circadian pathways means that time of administration can matter in experiments. Whether similar metabolic changes occur in humans remains largely unexplored in controlled published trials.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as a REV-ERB agonist. REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ are nuclear receptors that help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. The compound was identified in academic screening efforts to find synthetic ligands for these receptors. In cell and animal studies, SR9009 alters transcription of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, and it can shift circadian behavior. It is not an approved therapeutic agent.
Mechanistically, SR9009 binds the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERBα/β and enhances recruitment of corepressor complexes. This represses target genes rather than activating them. Because REV-ERB proteins normally compete with ROR proteins at shared response elements, the net effect depends on tissue and timing. Researchers use SR9009 to probe how nuclear receptor signaling links the clock to metabolism, inflammation, and muscle biology. Findings are largely preclinical, and the precise contribution of each receptor subtype remains under study.
SR9009 is frequently discussed in fitness and research-chemical contexts, yet it has no approved medical indication. Regulatory agencies have not authorized it for human use, and it is not a standard prescription drug. Some sports organizations list it as a prohibited substance because of its potential performance-enhancing properties. Published human data are sparse, so claims about its effects in people often rely on animal models or anecdotal reports. Quality and identity of online materials can vary widely.
==== De novo motif discovery ==== There are software programs which, given multiple input sequences, attempt to identify one or more candidate motifs. One example is the Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation (MEME) algorithm, which generates statistical information for each candidate. There are more than 100 publications detailing motif discovery algorithms; Weirauch et al. evaluated many related algorithms in a 2013 benchmark. The planted motif search is another motif discovery method that is based on combinatorial approach.
This was an enormous social change, doing much to increase Conservative support amongst new homeowners and which Heseltine often cites as one of his major achievements. Heseltine noted that, "no single piece of legislation has enabled the transfer of so much capital wealth from the state to the people." He said that the 'right to buy' policy had two main objectives: to give people what they had wanted, and to reverse the trend of ever-increasing dominance of the State over the life of the individual. He said: "There is in this country a deeply ingrained desire for home ownership. The Government believe that this spirit should be fostered. It reflects the wishes of the people, ensures the wide spread of wealth through society, encourages a personal desire to improve and modernize one's own home, enables parents to accrue wealth for their children and stimulates the attitudes of independence and self-reliance that are the bedrock of a free society." Many of the homes sold were "street properties" rather than flats, which arguably helped to ghettoise the remaining council tenants on run-down inner city estates. In fact, in Crick's view, he deserves only limited credit; it had been a Conservative commitment since 1974, and much of the detailed work was done by his juniors Hugh Rossi (in opposition) and John Stanley (in government).
== Transmission == Citrus greening was originally thought to be a viral disease, but is caused by a bacterium, carried by insect vectors. Infection can arise in various climates and is often associated with different species of psyllid insects. For example, citrus crops in Africa become infected under cool conditions as the bacteria are transmitted by the African citrus psyllid Trioza erytreae, an insect that favors cool and moist conditions for optimal activity. Citrus crops in Asia, however, are often infected under warm conditions as the bacteria are transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri. The young larval stage is the most suitable for acquisition of ca. L. asiaticus by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, and some cultivars show greater efficiency in transmitting the disease to the vector than others. Temperature also shows a great influence in the parasite-host relationship between the bacteria and the insect vector, affecting how it is acquired and transmitted by the insects. The causative agents are fastidious phloem-restricted, Gram-negative bacteria in the gracilicutes clade. The Asian form, ca. L. asiaticus is heat tolerant. This means the greening symptoms can develop at temperatures up to 35 °C (95 °F). The African form, ca. L. africanus, and American form, ca. L. americanus, are heat sensitive, thus symptoms only develop when the temperature is in the range 20–25 °C (68–77 °F). Although T. erytreae is the natural vector of African citrus greening and D.
The Ones That Stain Blue Studies in ethnomycology including the contributions of Maria Sabina, Dr. Albert Hofmann and Dr. Gaston Guzman. Psilocybe cubensis drawings and information Erowid Psilocybin Mushroom Vault Mushroom John's Tale of the Shrooms: Psilocybe cubensis
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
"In 1971 I stressed protein complementarity because I assumed that the only way to get enough protein ... was to create a protein as usable by the body as animal protein. In combating the myth that meat is the only way to get high-quality protein, I reinforced another myth. I gave the impression that in order to get enough protein without meat, considerable care was needed in choosing foods. Actually, it is much easier than I thought. "With three important exceptions, there is little danger of protein deficiency in a plant food diet. The exceptions are diets very heavily dependent on [1] fruit or on [2] some tubers, such as sweet potatoes or cassava, or on [3] junk food (refined flours, sugars, and fat). Fortunately, relatively few people in the world try to survive on diets in which these foods are virtually the sole source of calories. In all other diets, if people are getting enough calories, they are virtually certain of getting enough protein." The necessity of protein combining was not asserted. Rather, the increased biological value of meals where proteins are combined was noted. In a concession, Lappé removed from the second edition "charts that indicate exact proportions of complementary proteins". The American Dietetic Association reversed itself in its 1988 position paper on vegetarianism. Suzanne Havala, the primary author of the paper, recalls the research process:
=== MP for Tavistock: 1966–74 === In the March 1966 general election both the Conservative leader Edward Heath and Liberal leader Jo Grimond spoke at Tavistock. Heseltine stressed his agreement with Liberal principles and fought extremely hard, achieving a small swing to the Conservatives, bucking the national trend. He was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Tavistock. Heseltine's liberal stance on race issues and his opposition to hanging (he felt it was barbaric and not an effective deterrent, although he later expressed openness to the idea of hanging terrorists) was unpopular with many of his constituents, as was his continued unease with agricultural issues, and his dressing as a city businessman in pale grey suits, kipper ties and driving a Jaguar. Despite the huge demands on his time as both an MP and running Haymarket Press, and the distance of the seat from London, he remained relatively active at constituency casework at weekends and during the late summer recess, touring rural areas in a caravan and using a small tape recorder (relatively new technology at the time) to dictate answers to constituents' problems in front of them.
== Further reading == Singerman, Ariel; Useche, Pilar (26 February 2019). "FE983/FE983: Impact of Citrus Greening on Citrus Operations in Florida". University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Electronic Data Information Source. Retrieved 16 February 2021. Zheng, Desen; Armstrong, Cheryl M; Yao, Wei; Wu, Bo; Luo, Weiqi; Powell, Charles; Hunter, Wayne; Luo, Feng; Gabriel, Dean; Duan, Yongping (10 January 2024). "Towards the completion of Koch's postulates for the citrus huanglongbing bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus". Horticulture Research. 11 (3). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/hr/uhae011. PMC 11783299. Hunter, W.B., Sinisterra-Hunter, X. 2018. Emerging RNA Suppression Technologies to Protect Citrus Trees from Citrus Greening Disease Bacteria. Advances in Insect Physiology 55:163-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aiip.2018.08.001 Sandoval-Mojica, A.F.; Altman, S.; Hunter, W.B.; Pelz-Stelinski, K.S. 2020. Peptide conjugated morpholino's for management of the Huanglongbing pathosystem. Pest Manag. Sci. doi: 10.1002/ps.5877. https://doi:101002/ps.5877 Sandoval-Mojica, A.G.; Hunter, W.B.; Aishwarya, V.; Bonilla, S.; Pelz-Stelinski, K.S. Antibacterial FANA oligonucleotides as a novel approach for managing the Huanglongbing pathosystem. Sci. Rep. 11:2760. (2021). doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82425-8 Hunter, W.B.; Cooper, W.R.; Sandoval-Mojica, A.F.; McCollum, G.; Aishwarya, V.; Pelz-Stelinski, K.S. (2021).
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that acts on REV-ERB nuclear receptors. It is not approved for human use and is sold only as a research chemical. Its effects have been studied mainly in cells and rodents.
It binds REV-ERB alpha and REV-ERB beta and changes the expression of genes tied to metabolism and circadian rhythm. These changes can affect mitochondria and energy use in animal models. The exact chain from receptor binding to physiological outcome is still being mapped.
No reliable human trials show that SR9009 improves athletic performance. Some rodent studies report endurance changes, but these results are not proof of human benefit. Its use in sport is prohibited, and quality and safety data are lacking.
SR9009 is a synthetic REV-ERB agonist used in laboratory research. It is not an approved drug, and its effects in humans are not well characterized. It is often sold as a research chemical under the name Stenabolic.