NR1D2 comes up often in conversation and rarely with the context attached. Here we lay out the basics in order, then work through the practical considerations.
Last reviewed on 2026-02-09. Where a claim depends on a specific study, the study is described rather than over-claimed.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule developed as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα (NR1D1) and REV-ERBβ (NR1D2). These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In cell and animal studies, SR9009 alters transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. It is not an approved medicine, and its pharmacological profile in humans remains largely uncharacterized. The compound is frequently discussed in the context of circadian biology and metabolic research rather than clinical use.
Preclinical reports have linked SR9009 to improved endurance and altered energy expenditure in rodents. Such findings have prompted interest in whether REV-ERB activation can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. However, the reported effects depend on dose, route, and experimental model, and replication across laboratories is limited. Human trials have not established comparable outcomes, so claims about exercise performance remain speculative. The absence of controlled human data is a central limitation in interpreting these observations.
The mechanism of action involves binding to REV-ERB receptors and recruiting corepressor complexes, which represses target gene transcription. This contrasts with many nuclear receptor agonists that activate transcription. Downstream effects may include changes in autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipid handling, but the precise pathways remain an active area of study. Whether these molecular events translate into meaningful physiological effects in humans is unresolved. Most evidence comes from cultured cells and rodent models rather than human participants.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is not a steroid, peptide, or natural hormone. In scientific literature, it appears under the code SR9009 and in non-scientific contexts as Stenabolic. The compound was identified through chemical screening efforts aimed at targeting circadian clock components. Its status remains investigational, and no regulatory agency has approved it as a human medicine.
REV-ERB proteins help regulate daily cycles in gene expression, including genes tied to lipid and glucose metabolism. SR9009 binds these receptors and alters their activity in cell and animal experiments. Consequences observed in rodents include changes in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, blood lipid levels, and exercise performance. The precise chain from receptor occupancy to whole-body effects is still an active area of study. Human responses cannot be assumed from rodent data.
Most published work on SR9009 consists of preclinical studies. It is widely sold as a research chemical, a category that does not imply safety, efficacy, or pharmaceutical-grade quality. Sports anti-doping organizations have listed SR9009 as a prohibited substance, and its presence in an athlete sample can lead to sanctions. Legal status differs by country; in several jurisdictions it is not approved for human consumption and may be treated as an unapproved new drug.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical class | Synthetic REV-ERB agonist | Small molecule; not a steroid or peptide. |
| Primary targets | NR1D1 and NR1D2 | Also known as REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. |
| Studied routes | Intraperitoneal in rodents | Oral bioavailability in humans is not established. |
| Human approval | No approved therapeutic indication | No recognized clinical use. |
| Key uncertainty | Human physiological effects | Preclinical findings may not translate. |
Analytical chemists detect SR9009 with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, commonly abbreviated LC-MS/MS. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, or solid-phase extraction before analysis. Laboratories can target the parent compound or its metabolites, depending on the matrix and the purpose of testing. Anti-doping methods require sensitive and specific assays because concentrations in biological samples can be low. Reference standards and validated methods are essential for reliable identification and quantification.
Regulatory agencies have not approved SR9009 for human therapeutic use. It is typically sold as a research chemical with labels stating that it is not for human consumption. The World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits the substance in sport, generally under the category of non-approved substances. Customs and national laws may restrict importation, sale, or possession. Product quality and legal status can vary by country and vendor, and therapeutic claims are not permitted in regulated advertising because the compound lacks approval.
=== Indirect size measurement of intact complexes === Sedimentation-velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (measures the translational diffusion constant) Dynamic light scattering (measures the translational diffusion constant) Pulsed-gradient protein nuclear magnetic resonance (measures the translational diffusion constant) Fluorescence polarization (measures the rotational diffusion constant) Dielectric relaxation (measures the rotational diffusion constant) Dual polarisation interferometry (measures the size and the density of the complex) Methods that measure the mass or volume under unfolding conditions (such as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and SDS-PAGE) are generally not useful, since non-native conditions usually cause the complex to dissociate into monomers. However, these may sometimes be applicable; for example, the experimenter may apply SDS-PAGE after first treating the intact complex with chemical cross-link reagents.
==== Misinterpretation of data ==== Some research groups initially reported that they had replicated the Fleischmann and Pons results but later retracted their reports and offered an alternative explanation for their original positive results. A group at Georgia Tech found problems with their neutron detector, and Texas A&M discovered bad wiring in their thermometers. These retractions, combined with negative results from some famous laboratories, led most scientists to conclude, as early as 1989, that no positive result should be attributed to cold fusion.
=== Filming === On 4 April 2019, a photoshoot featuring Rajinikanth was held at a studio in Chennai. The stills which were leaked onto the internet and showed the actor in a cop avatar. Principal photography for the film began on 10 April in Mumbai. Images featuring Rajinikanth, Nivetha Thomas and Yogi Babu were also leaked onto the internet. On 3 May 2019, filming was suspended following reports of friction with college students at a campus that was being used as a location, and it later resumed. The film's first schedule was completed on 15 May. The film's second schedule resumed on 29 May and ended on 30 June. Suniel Shetty joined the film's second schedule. On 5 June 2019, a video from the filming location was unofficially posted on the internet despite high security on the sets. The filmmakers reported a similar incident during the filming on the last week of June 2019. The team shifted location from Mumbai to Delhi, citing heavy rains. It was reported filming would finish in late August 2019. After completing the film's second schedule, the makers took a 10-day-long break and filming resumed on 10 July 2019. On 25 July, Murugadoss shared images from the film showing Rajinikanth holding a sword and walking through a cloud of dust in a policeman's uniform; another image showed him looking happier and wearing a light blue suit. The final schedule of the film took place on 19 August 2019 in Jaipur, where two action sequences were filmed. On 11 October 2019, the makers announced they had completed filming.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
=== Agriculture === For plants to properly grow in dry areas they will need a usable xerotolerant microbiome. In desert plants xerophiles are set in a plant's microbiome helping with its water management.
Commonly employed tracers include 3-3H glucose (radioactive), 6,6 2H-glucose (stable), and 1-13C glucose (stable). Prior to initiating the hyperinsulinemic phase, a 3-hour tracer infusion allows for the determination of the basal rate of glucose production. Throughout the clamp, the plasma tracer concentrations facilitate the computation of whole-body insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, as well as the production of glucose by the body. (i.e., endogenous glucose production).
Joseph Nightingale (1813), "Bristol", Beauties of England and Wales, vol. 13, London: J. Harris, Somersetshire James Dugdale (1819), "Somersetshire: Bristol", New British Traveller, vol. 4, London: J. Robins and Co. John Evans (1828), The New Guide, or, Picture of Bristol (4th ed.), Bristol, OCLC 45137262, OL 13521980M "Bristol", Great Western Railway Guide, London: James Wyld, 1839, OCLC 12922212 "Bristol", Black's Picturesque Tourist and Road-book of England and Wales (3rd ed.), Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1853 John Parker Anderson (1881), "Gloucestershire: Bristol", Book of British Topography: a Classified Catalogue of the Topographical Works in the Library of the British Museum Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, London: W. Satchell William Clark Russell (1883). "Bristol". North-East Ports and Bristol Channel. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: A. Reid. hdl:2027/uc1.$b667579. How to See Bristol. Bristol: Arrowsmith. 1893. "Bristol", Great Britain (4th ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1897, OCLC 6430424 Charles Gross (1897). "Bristol". Bibliography of British Municipal History. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. Francis Adams Hyett; William Bazeley (1897). Bibliographer's Manual of Gloucestershire Literature. Vol. 3: City of Bristol. Dallaway, James (1834). Antiquities of Bristow in the Middle Centuries: including the topography by William Wyrcestre, and the life of William Canynges. Bristol: Mirror Office. Published in the 20th century
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
=== Bible verses === In-N-Out prints Bible citations in small print on areas of packaging (such as "John 3:16", "Proverbs 3:5", "Proverbs 24:16", "Nahum 1:7", "Luke 6:35" and "Revelation 3:20"). They are primarily found on the bottom underside of drink cups and the wrappers that hold their burgers together. This practice began in the 1980s during Rich Snyder's presidency, a reflection of the evangelical Christian beliefs held by the Snyder family.
Microscopically, each liver lobe is seen to be made up of hepatic lobules. The lobules are roughly hexagonal, and consist of plates of hepatocytes, and sinusoids radiating from a central vein towards an imaginary perimeter of interlobular portal triads. The central vein joins to the hepatic vein to carry blood out from the liver. A distinctive component of a lobule is the portal triad, which can be found running along each of the lobule's corners. The portal triad consists of the hepatic artery, the portal vein, and the common bile duct. The triad may be seen on a liver ultrasound, as a Mickey Mouse sign with the portal vein as the head, and the hepatic artery, and the common bile duct as the ears. Histology, the study of microscopic anatomy, shows two major types of liver cells: parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal cells. About 70–85% of the liver volume is occupied by parenchymal hepatocytes. Nonparenchymal cells constitute 40% of the total number of liver cells but only 6.5% of its volume. The liver sinusoids are lined with two types of cell, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and phagocytic Kupffer cells. Hepatic stellate cells are nonparenchymal cells found in the perisinusoidal space, between a sinusoid and a hepatocyte. Additionally, intrahepatic lymphocytes are often present in the sinusoidal lumen.
=== Embryonic development === Wnt signaling plays a critical role in embryonic development. It operates in both vertebrates and invertebrates, including humans, frogs, zebrafish, C. elegans, Drosophila and others. It was first found in the segment polarity of Drosophila, where it helps to establish anterior and posterior polarities. It is implicated in other developmental processes. As its function in Drosophila suggests, it plays a key role in body axis formation, particularly the formation of the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes. It is involved in the induction of cell differentiation to prompt formation of important organs such as lungs and ovaries. Wnt further ensures the development of these tissues through proper regulation of cell proliferation and migration. Wnt signaling functions can be divided into axis patterning, cell fate specification, cell proliferation and cell migration.
=== Operation Epic Fury, 2026 === It was announced on 24 March 2026 that the Pentagon had ordered the commander of the 82nd Airborne Division, Major General Brandon R. Tegtmeier, and his headquarters staff to the Middle East, ahead of a potential deployment of a brigade combat team of around 3,000 troops to support operations against Iran. The U.S. Army extended the 82nd Airborne Division’s deployment to the Middle East to a full year, due to “operational requirements”. The extended deployment was announced by Major General Tegtmeier in a letter to military families.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
It is a synthetic compound that acts as an agonist at REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used mainly as a research chemical to study circadian and metabolic pathways. It is not approved for human therapeutic use.
REV-ERB receptors generally repress transcription when bound by natural heme. SR9009 is described as an agonist that enhances this repressive activity. The result is altered expression of clock and metabolic genes.
Published controlled human trials are lacking. Some sources cite limited or unofficial reports, but these do not establish safety or efficacy. Claims about human performance effects remain unverified.
It is a synthetic compound studied as an agonist of REV-ERB nuclear receptors. It is not an approved medicine and has mainly been examined in laboratory and animal research.